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At Vietnam, the fight against air pollution has become a major priority, especially in large cities like Hanoi. Faced with environmental issues due to emissions from gasoline vehicles, local authorities are encouraging a transition to more sustainable means of transport. In this context, the electric two-wheelers emerging as a promising solution, offering an ecological alternative for the millions of Vietnamese who depend on urban mobility. This article explores the implications of this transition to electric, as well as the challenges that must be overcome to ensure a healthier future for the population.
In Vietnam, the rise of electric two-wheelers is intensifying in the face of environmental challenges posed by air pollution. In a country where these vehicles represent a preponderant part of road traffic, the authorities are implementing initiatives aimed at promoting a transition to electric. This approach is part of a broader effort for sustainability and preservation of the quality of life of city dwellers, mainly affected by polluting emissions.
The challenges of air pollution in Vietnam
In large Vietnamese cities like Hanoi, the air pollution has become a major public health problem. Gasoline vehicle exhaust pipes contribute to creating a thick smog, usually noticeable during several months of the year. City dwellers, like Phung Khac Trung, a young motorcycle taxi driver, personally feel the impact of this air degradation. The unpleasant smell of gasoline and exhaust fumes strongly affect their daily lives.
A government in action
To alleviate this crisis, the Vietnamese government has adopted proactive measures to encourage the use of electric motorcycles and scooters. The objective is to achieve, by 2030, 25% of electric vehicles of the 77 million motorcycles registered in the country. Initiatives such as purchasing assistance and the development of charging infrastructure are being put in place to accelerate this transition. By 2023, the number of new electric two-wheeler registrations has already exceeded that of all of Europe, a trend that is expected to continue.
User motivations for electric
The rise in popularity of electric two-wheelers among young people, especially students, is mainly explained by reduced operating costs. On average, an economical model costs around $500, an affordable price which represents a significant asset. At the same time, the low maintenance and the absence of fuel make this mode of transport even more attractive.
The challenges of transition
Despite these advances, several obstacles still stand in the way of sustainable mobility. Attitudes need to change, as many users still consider thermal motorcycles to be more practical, citing the short charging time compared to a full tank of petrol. It is possible to fill up a petrol vehicle in about a few minutes, while recharging a battery can take hours, which sometimes makes potential users hesitate. In addition, concerns remain regarding the safety of home charging, especially after recent incidents related to electrical failures.
Infrastructure and ongoing innovations
To build user confidence, companies such as VinFast have established a network of nearly 150,000 charging stations across the country. The start-up Selex also offers innovative solutions, including battery exchange services, although these are still not widespread. These initiatives not only target private users but also engage in partnerships with companies for delivery and professional transport services, thus contributing to a wider adoption of electric two-wheelers.
A long-term vision
As part of this transition, Vietnam aims to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, particularly coal and oil, which still account for more than half of the country’s energy consumption. With a goal of carbon neutrality set for 2050, Vietnam is fully committed to the fight against climate change.
The conversion to electric vehicles, particularly in the two-wheeler sector, represents a crucial lever for improving air quality in Vietnam. Government actions, combined with the involvement of citizens and businesses, should make it possible to bring about significant changes in the coming years, thus marking a step towards sustainable mobility.
FAQs on the transition to electric two-wheelers in Vietnam
What is the current state of air pollution in Vietnam? Air quality is a concern, particularly in large cities like Hanoi, where exhaust fumes from gasoline-powered vehicles contribute to an unbearable atmosphere.
Why is the Vietnamese government encouraging the use of electric scooters? To reduce polluting emissions and improve air quality, the authorities hope that a growing share of two-wheelers will be electric by 2030.
What percentage of scooters sold in Vietnam are electric? In 2023, only 9% of scooter sales were electric, but the trend is increasing.
Who are the main users of electric scooters? Around 80% of electric two-wheeler owners are students attracted by lower operating costs.
What are the main concerns of potential users regarding electric scooters? The safety issue of charging batteries at home, as well as the charging time, are important areas of concern.
What initiatives have been put in place to support the adoption of electric two-wheelers? National manufacturer VinFast has installed around 150,000 charging stations across the country, and companies like Selex are focusing on the concept of battery swapping.
What measures is the government planning to achieve its pollution reduction targets? The government is looking to invest in charging infrastructure and encourage land redevelopment policies to improve public transport systems.
What is Vietnam’s carbon neutrality goal? The government is aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050, thereby reducing its dependence on fossil energy sources.